I think it 3. Black Plague
They encouraged people to settle because they were looking for an economic opportunity so not A and they mostly thought they were going to get rich from gold, so not B so I would say C
by protecting the Constitution through amendments
approving presidential appointments
Northerners claimed the law was unfair. The flagrant violation of the Fugitive Slave Law set the scene for the tempest that emerged later in the decade. But for now, Americans hoped against hope that the fragile peace would prevail.
The correct answer is C. Texas left the decision of slavery to popular sovereignty, which is essentially popular vote.