According to what you are describing, the plot device used is the "in media res"
This technique In Media Res means " in the middle of things", and that is exactly how it works, in media res is to start a story in the middle of the story itself instead of its beginning, that is, start the story of the facts showing the characters already involved in the conflict that structures the story, using this technique allows a more dramatic beginning of narration: the story will begin with the protagonist already in trouble, and with this we will capture the interest of the reader from the first moment.
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Charles Dickens was the most remarkable Victorian writer. While he was alive, his works counted with great popularity among all social classes, especially with proletariat, a class which dreadful conditions Dickens denounced through his novels.
When he was twelve years old, he found himself in the necessity to work to help in his home. Despite things got better and there was no need of Charles' money in the house, his mother was not willing to let him stop working and that was a decision the future author of <em>Great Expectations, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities </em>and <em>Oliver Twist</em>, among others, would never forget or forgive.
Orphanhood, poverty, upper classes' abuse, proletariat, loneliness and the promise of and ending that would heal the characters' suffering throughout the story, are the main element of a novelist whose purpose was not only to entertain, but to raise awareness of how the difference between social classes made the most vulnerable pay for their uncommitted sins.
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if you can give us a story ill edit my answer do it on the question though
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