The Peace of Westphalia helped to end the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire and also the Eighty Years War between Spain and the Dutch Republic. The treaty and subsequent political developments are cited as the birth of the modern nation state in the world.
1. For the first one here the missing part would be Supreme Court. Article II of the Constitution establishes a single Supreme Court. In the Constitution it says :"The Judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court". To power to interpret the laws lays within the Supreme Court and the inferior courts.
2. The power to create lower courts, that is "inferior" courts is vested to the Congress of the United States. As it says in Article III: " and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The lower courts that the Congress establishes are inferior to the Supreme Court and thus are termed "inferior", the rulings of the Supreme Court apply to all lower courts.
Both of the calendars are longer than what the year is suppose to be
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Explanation:
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