The BPP (Black Panther Party) and Malcolm X (aka Malcom Little) established the Black Power Movement. They gave African American men a sense of unity and belonging in society. Both Malcolm and the Panthers challenged law enforcement officers, and frequently had confrontations.
The BPP exclusively had self-defense classes, to combat police brutality, and to patrol black neighbordhoods at night. Malcolm X encouraged his fellow black nationalists to protect themselves from white aggression.
Nowadays, civil rights groups, such as the Black Lives Matter movement, do not encourage nor condone violence, however, if attacked, they should practice self-defense.
They didn't have advanced equipment
Small nations small populations
Weakened by trade regulation
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Transformation in thinking that occurred in the 1500's and 1600's caused by scientific observation, experimentation, and questioning of traditional opinions. It changed the way Europeans looked at the world. What did the Greek astronomer Ptolemy believe? He believed the Earth was the center of the universe.
