This era would be known as the Cold War period. This period of time is when the US and Soviet Union faced off in a battle of political power and global influence. The US (in support of capitalism) and the Soviet Union (in favor of communism) constantly tried to limit the power of each other. In order to show their political power, each country made allies.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was a political and military alliance between countries like the US, Great Britain, France, Denmark, Italy, and Canada which focused on stopping the spread of communism. These countries were worried that nations influenced by the Soviet Union would turn into one similar to the Soviet regime. These countries did not like this communist regime, as the rights and individual liberties of the citizens were severely limited.
He suffered a stroke that left him paralyzed
After ten centuries of wars, defeats, and victories, the Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in May 1453. The city's fall sent shock waves throughout Christendom. It is widely quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages.
The alliance between Great Britain, France, and the United States during WWII was called the Allies. If you're truly in High School; you should know this by now. But I'm not judging-so don't take it the wrong way.