Athens was one of the first Democracies/Aristocracies- government ruled by the people, or assembly. Officials and leaders were elected and all citizens had a say. Democracy in Athens was started largely thanks to the philosopher and politician Pericles. ... Democracy in Athens was a direct democracy. In a direct democracy the people decide on the policy initiatives directly. The major decisions of the state were made by general assemblies in which all citizens could participate People started protesting for rights and more around the time Athens Established Democracy.
D. The idea of separate but equal came about in plessy vs ferguson in the 1870s and brown vs board of education sought to discontinue the old practice of segregation in this instance in public schools.