The allele for sickle cell is recessive. That is, an individual with the AS genotype is a carrier of the allele but is normal because the A alleleis dominant over the S allele. For an individual to suffer from sickle cell anemia, it is a must that the parents must be carriers of the S allele. Thus the individual has a genotype which is SS which is homozygous recessive.
Article 231 of the treaty placed all blame for inciting the war squarely on Germany, and forced it to pay several billion in reparations to the Allied nations.
