There are several problems that make public goods necessary, but the primary one is that without access to certain public goods and services like parks and schools, poor people would have practically no chance at advancement.
Answer:
To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, multiply the before-tax cost of debt by <u>(1 - tax rate)</u>.
Water and Power Company (WPC) can borrow funds at an interest rate of 10.20% for a period of four years. Its marginal federal-plus-state tax rate is 45%. WPC's after-tax cost of debt is <u>= 10.20% x (1 - 45%) = 5.61%</u>.
At the present time, Water and Power Company (WPC) has 15-year noncallable bonds with a face value of $1,000 that are outstanding. These bonds have a current market price of $1,329.55 per bond, carry a coupon rate of 12%, and distribute annual coupon payments. The company incurs a federal-plus-state tax rate of 45%. If WPC wants to issue new debt, what would be a reasonable estimate for its after-tax cost of debt (rounded to two decimal places)?
<u>B. 4.47%</u>
pre-tax cost of debt = bond's yield to maturity
approximate YTM = {120 + [(1,000 - 1,329.55)/15] / [(1,000 + 1,329.55)/2] = 98.03 / 1,164.775 = 0.08416 = 8.416%
approximate after tax cost of debt = 8.4% x (1 - 45%) = 4.62 = 4.62
since I used the approximate yield to maturity, my answer is not exact. That is why I have to look for the closest available option.
Janice's beliefs represent a Psychological contract.
The psychological contract is a unwritten concept that represents the relationship between an employer and an employee. It involves mutual beliefs, perceptions, informal obligations. <span>understandings, and commitments that exist between the employer and employee.</span>
The answer is accord. It is a proposal to substitute a dissimilar obligation for one that was beforehand unsettled, plus the recognition of that offer. Either of the parties convoluted can suggest an accord. If the recently substituted obligation is essentially performed, the act is named a satisfaction.
