Answer:
Protein production in prokaryotes begins even before the completion of transcription. This means that ribosomes attach to the mRNA being generated even before transcription process is terminated. Therefore translation occurs in concurrence with transcription. This is because there is no definitive boundary between the nucleoid and cytoplasm.
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. This means transcription has to complete before the translation of proteins occurs. This is because the ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm while the DNA is in the nucleus.
This difference is part of the reason prokaryotic cells are able to respond really fast to an environmental stimuli as compared to eukaryotes. Remember in addition mRNA in prokaryotes do not need splicing (as required in eukaryotes) adding to quick protein production.
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B. Ice-albedo feedback
Explanation:
The ice-albedo feedback is one process that can significantly increase the rate of greenhouse emissions in response to a decreased albedo.
Albedo is the ratio of reflected light to incident light.
A decrease in albedo suggests that a surface is absorbing more light than it is reflecting. This is typical of areas with land cover and vegetation.
Areas with a high reflectivity have a high albedo. Snow, ice and polar regions are good reflectors of solar radiation. They have a very high albedo close to 100%. Much of the surface area is buried with ice.
Examples of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor e.t.c
How does a low albedo relates to increase in greenhouse gas emission?
- The ice-albedo feedback can substantially contribute to greenhouse gas emission.
- The high reflectivity of ice causes long wave radiation to warm the air around a icy body in polar regions.
- When ice melts, they leave land bare and exposed.
- Melt water collects in pockets.
- Exposed land leads to a decrease in albedo.
- Organisms can thrive more in warm terrain.
- Also, pockets of carbon dioxide gases trapped in ice is released.
- Organisms release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during cellular respiration.
- Soils originally permafrost will become stable and this will encourage more human occupation of the area.
- All these activities leads to an increase in the emission of greenhouse gases in an area with low albedo.
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Answer:
3. Anatomy.
Explanation:
Anatomy is a branch of science which studies the physical structure of humans, animals, and other living beings. Anatomy is a part of biological studies. This field in the science is focussed on the shape, structure, and the relationship relevant to the living organisms.
Anatomy is further divided into two branches, namely, microscopic anatomy and macroscopic anatomy.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.
