The dutch republic
The dutch empire rose to prominence in the 17th century. It controlled numerous outposts and enclaves across the coastlines all the way to India through South Africa using the Portuguese model. They had particular influence in the cape town of south Africa.
The action by the state of Maryland which led to McCulloch v. Maryland was that it attempted to stop a branch of the Second Bank of the United States from bringing in notes that were not made in Maryland, as they were taxed if they were from out of state. This case led to the necessary and proper clause being used and is one of the most famous Supreme Court cases in the history of the United States.
A "Formal Amendment" is one that actually adds to or changes the US Constitution. It is ratified by the states and becomes law.
<span>An "informal amendment"is a change to the meaning or interpretation of the Constitution of the United States. There is no real informal way to change the Constitution, and it's not an actual change to the wording of the Constitution; rather, it's the way we perceive the Constitution that changes. </span>
<span>The one that comes to mind is the equal rights amendment (1972) - which prohibits the inequality of men and women. Opponents say that the amendment is no longer needed, as the issues are already law</span>
