Answer:
<em>Gerund or gerund phrase:  </em><em>thinking</em>
<em>Noun function: </em><em>subject</em>
Explanation:
Gerund is a type of verbal which means it is a verb with a different function. In case of a gerund, it functions as a noun. 
Basically recognizing gerund in a sentence is easy, it always ends in -ing. 
Though it should not be confused with present participle which also ends in  -ing. Present participle acts as an adjective and it is a part of verb forms (e.g. present simple continuous).
In this sentence <em>thinking</em> answers to the question<em> what</em> (what is hard work), so that`s why it is a subject.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Clumps, waves are the two plural nouns.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
What is the reading about?
Explanation: