Answer:
loss of volatiles to the atmosphere
Explanation:
volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds with low boiling points that are associated with a planet's or moon's crust or atmosphere. Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, etc.
Volatiles were accreted throughout the Earth’s formation, but Earth’s early accretion history was volatile poor.
Volcanoes play an important role in creating land since they are the sources of magma, which once above ground normally cools to create new land. In the ocean, this land normally forms at divergent and convergent boundaries or hot spots. At divergent boundaries (where two plates move apart), magma constantly erupts along a trench deep below the ocean's surface. This magma rarely piles upward and instead is pushed to both sides of the trench. This is how new seafloor forms. Convergent boundaries can create island arcs like Indonesia as magma erupts bit by bit. Hot spots occur in the middle of plates. They are instances where the mantle pierces through the crust and begins to erupt directly onto to seafloor. Over time, these eruptions will pile up and create underwater volcanoes until they potentially make it above sea level, thereby forming an island. This is how Hawaii was and continues to be formed.
<h2>
The End of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes:</h2>
Explanation:
The factors that led to the end of trans-Saharan trade routes are:
- Civil unrest due to collapse of the Songhay Empire, the Timbuktu, by the Morracans in 1591
- The extreme desert conditions like extreme climates, excessive heat, lack of water and food etc made the travel logistics very tough. This made people opt for other transport systems
- Huge advancements made in maritime travel
- Exploration of West African trade routes
- Economic, political and social changes which led to the end of trans-Saharan trade routes
Six different volcanoes joined together
I think you forgot to attach the picture along with the question. I am answering the question based on my research."Gravity" is the one process of soil erosion among the following choices given in the question that is being <span>prevented by the structure shown below. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option.</span>
