Below I have bolded the parts of speech:
Jill bought a new dress for the party.
Jill (subject) bought (verb) a new dress (indirect object) for the party (direct object).
Answer: E. subject→verb→indirect object→direct object
Hope this helps!
I would say C because this passage talks about green building and how it's beneficial. Sentence 4 mentions about what the green roofs are made of and I don't think that would be necessary to include in this passage.
Answer: A confrontation; a dare.
You will have to show us which sentence you're talking about