The correct answer is C. A key reason Goldwayer lost to Johnson in 1964 is that he was branded as a liberal by Lyndon Johnson.
Barry Goldwater was a senator from Arizona. He sought the presidency of the United States against Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, but was defeated.
He lost in all states, except six, in the 1964 presidential election to Lyndon Johnson, who campaigned presenting him as a warmonger liberal in favor of atomic war and supported by the Ku Klux Klan, who wanted to abolish social welfare programs created in the 1930s (like Social Security). Lyndon Johnson advocated more of those programs, and after 1965, he instituted three: Medicare, Medicaid and the War on Poverty.
But Goldwater brought to the country the creed he had developed for 12 years in the Senate. Its political campaign was framed within the classic liberalism concentrated in reducing the power of the federal government, favoring the economic and political liberties, supporting a foreign policy based on a fervent anticommunism. It is considered that he played a key role in the rebirth of the conservative and libertarian movements in the USA, paying the price for Ronald Reagan to be elected President of the United States in 1980.
Collective bargaining was used by unions to allow the union leaders to negotiate wages, labor contusions, etc with employers. The goal was to increase wages, better working conditions, etc.
The best paraphrase would be choice C
The answer you are looking for is Venus because Venus has the hottest surface temperature of any planet in our solar system.
