Islam became part of North African cultures due to the geographical location and due to the spread of refugees from Saudi Arabia and other countries in Asia. North Africa was one of the first countries that Islam spread to other than Asia.
In a time before railroads and highways, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River served as the primary transportation system. Many of North America's largest cities were established along the waterway as commerce flourished between their ports. Today, Great Lakes-Seaway shipping is equally important.
Due to the crop failure, many people died of starvation during this time.