It weakened people's faith in catholic leaders APEX
It should be the first one
It would be "industrialization," that was a significant factor in both the german wars for unification and United States' Civil War, since Industrialization led to an irreconcilable economic split between two more major segments of each area.
The USSA is an example of a single interest group.
The popularity of the Gutenbag Press in Europe made books more accessible and motivated people to want to learn how to write.