The British began to tax the colonists heavily which ended with the colonists resenting.
Question 11: I'm guessing number 4, since the reform movements that arose during the antebellum period in America focused on specific issues: temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions
Question 12: Spoils system, also called patronage system, practice in which the political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters by appointment to government posts and by other favors. So it would be number 3
<span>Ed Stafford made history by being the first person to walk the entire length of the Amazon River. The journey by foot took him 860 days, beginning in April 2008 and ending in August 2010.</span>
Russia has been a notoriously difficult country to invade, given its large size and generally large population throughout history. Freezing winters have also played a role in helping protect Russia, which was famously noted in 1812 during Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia. In response to European nations who saw the new French government as threat to the balance of powers, Napoleon annexed various parts of Europe and launched an invasion of Russia with over 600,000 soldiers. Napoleon invaded in the summer of 1812, but long fighting and a scorched earth policy by Russian forces prolonged the fighting and when a harsh winter arrived, the French army that lacked in supplies was reduced to under 100,000 soldiers. Eventually, Napoleon conceded his defeat, and left Russia in December, 1812.