The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim state of the time.
That it was too large for the Union to conquer.
Rise
The rise of Islam in Africa and Asia was a consequences of years of military and political strategies as well as missionary work. After the Arab peninsula was united under one leadership of the prophet of Islam, there was enough stability and funding to expand abroad.
Islam grew out of a region that is correctly identified as the Middle East, completely in between both Africa and vast Asia.
The natural expansion of the religion took place in Palestine and to the east in, Syria and Persia up til modern-day Pakistan.
On the west, the expansion was naturally in Egypt and North Africa.
Fall
While Islam never 'Fell' out of Africa, there was a marked decline in Islamic Empires. This was mostly due to European powers who were scrambling for Africa. This saw the English, French, Belgians all conquer large parts of the land and use them for slaves and other trades.
Answer:
military revolution in which cannon, muskets, and commoner foot soldiers became the mainstays of European armies. Armies grew in size, and most European states maintained standing armies.
