The Ottoman Empire didn't welcome the newcomers, but it was certainly a much better place for these Jews to live than Spain or Portugal. The Ottoman Empire didn't welcome the newcomers beause they had an opposing Muslim religion previously. I apologize this isn't the complete answer, as I do not know much on this topic
Heres links to help --
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-ottoman-empire/
Answer:
The Transcontinental Railroad fundamentally changed the American West. As the United States pushed across North America, railroads connected and populated the growing nation. Railroads also sparked social, economic, environmental, and political change.
If the citizens were not required, no one may want to. On jury, you may have a case that may take a long time and you may end up sentencing someone to death. It is likely if citizens were not required that no one would want to volunteer.
She wanted to lead reform so the Hull house was made so that education and social services could be provided to the working class immigrants and laborers.
Nullification is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law it deems unconstitutional. ... In "South Carolina Exposition and Protest", Calhoun argued that a state could veto any federal law that went beyond the enumerated powers and encroached upon the residual powers of the State.
