Answer:
Punctuated equilibrium
Explanation:
The idea of "punctuated equilibrium" suggests that species will show little to no evolutionary change throughout their history. When evolution does occur, according to this idea, it happens sporadically and relatively quickly compared to the species' full duration on Earth.
Answer: These may be:
- physical defenses (1st line)
- chemical defenses (2nd line)
Explanation:
Plants employ several methods in order to defend themselves from pathogens. These may be physical defenses or chemical ones. Several have adaptations to their surfaces that prevent the entry of pathogens, called physical barriers such as
- thick waxy cuticles
- thorns, which are modified plant branches
- spines, which are modified plant leaves
- gall production at infected sites to prevent pathogenic spread
Chemical defenses include the production or secretion of:
- defensins
- antimicrobials such as tannins or resins
- gum at areas facing pathogenic attacks
Dominant letters are (BB)
Recessive letters are (bb)
