Answer: I found this article online so you probably have to tweak a few things to not get plagiarized by your teacher but here you go. I just put the useful info here but you could definitely cut some things out also. Websites url is : https://www.studentsofhistory.com/the-growth-pread-of-islam
The period following Muhammad’s death is known as the Rashidun Caliphate that lasted from 610-750. During this empire a Muslim administration and government was established and ruled the Middle East. The Caliphate was governed by The Righteous Caliphs, or spiritual leaders. By 644, these four leaders helped Islam spread and grow far and beyond the Middle East through conquests of major cities like Baghdad, Jerusalem, and Alexandria. North and Western parts of Africa were also conquered effectively taking control over much of the Byzantine and Persian territory. The third Caliph Uthman created a version of the Quran that became standardized and widely used throughout the Islamic world in newly established schools that taught the Arabic language and Islamic studies. This was also a period in which hundreds of mosques were built throughout the empire.
After the death of the last caliph in 661, the Umayyad Caliphate took control of the empire and ruled until 750. Historians regard this caliphate as the most powerful and expansive of the caliphs. The Umayyad Caliphate grew the Islamic Empire to its peak and expanded its control from the Middle East to parts of Asia, India, Northern Africa and parts of Europe.
Simple Answer: Tariffs
A tariff is a tax (in this case) on imports. The South, particularly South Carolina, objected strongly to the high rate of taxation on goods she desparately needed. The rates did seem a little high -- 62% on 92% of the goods coming into South Carolina (and other southern states). For example if South Carolina want to import 1000 dollars worth of shovels, she would have to pay an additional 620 dollars to do it.
The acts of 1828 and 1832 were thought by the South to be ruinous because not only would she be forced to pay much more for basic needs, she would not be able to sell her cotton to Great Britain because of the way the tax was imposed.
Thus a very strong case was built for disobedience to the 1828 and 1832 acts. What made those two acts a pain was that North was determined to force unity on a South that had other economic problems during the 1830s (like drought). So the nullification process meant that something had to be done or South Carolina was threatening to go to war to protect her economy.
Thus the Tariff act of 1833 was introduced, and though you have not asked anything about that, I think you should note that Act was intended to unruffle South Carolina's feathers. It was a grand compromise devised by Andrew Jackson's administration. It succeeded until 1842 when it's tenure was up. You can read all of this by reading more about the Nullification Crisis. Be sure and read about Jackson's comments on it.
So this rather complex turn of events all really hinged on money and standard's of living. The vocabulary used was States Rights Vs Federal Rights. Put in very simple language: who has more rights, the one or the many? It took a civil war some 30 years later to resolve that question.
Answer:
Puerto Rico, which became an American protectorate under the Treaty of Paris, was very poor. US troops were welcomed in 1898, and the Puerto Ricans greatest hopes were for increased rights and a better economy.
Constantine reigned during the 4th century CE and is known for attempting to Christianize the Roman Empire. He made the persecution of Christians illegal by signing the Edict of Milan in 313 and helped spread the religion by bankrolling church-building projects, commissioning new copies of the Bible, and summoning councils of theologians to hammer out the religion's doctrinal kinks. Constantine was also responsible for a series of important secular reforms that ranged from reorganizing the Roman Empire's currency system to restructuring Rome's armed forces. His crowning achievement was his dedication of Constantinople as his new imperial capital in 330.
Answer:
B: the shipment of African captives to the Americas
