Answer:
city-states
Explanation:
The final major factor that contributed to the Renaissance was the rise of city-states in Italy. At a time when most of Europe was rural, agricultural, and manorial, Italy was much more urban and commercial.
The main point of this excerpt is that African-Americans were not considered US citizens.
In the Supreme Court case Dred Scott vs. Sandford, Scott is suing for his freedom from slavery. This is because his master brought him to the Wisconsin territory, a territory where slavery was outlawed.
However, the Supreme Court ruled against him. The reason why they ruled against him is based on the excerpt above. The Declaration of Independence did not make it blatantly clear that slaves were considered citizens. Since they were not considered citizens, they had no legal rights that slave owners had to respect.
Mainly because it toughened-up the Fugitive Slave Act, allowing official slave-catchers to hunt down runaways.
This recruited many new Abolitionists, and caused Harriet Beecher Stowe to write 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'.
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