Answer:
The interference of European nations
Explanation:
The ottoman empire collapsing after the first world War
Answer:
mapping the coast of Africa
Explanation:
With the assistance of the ulema and qadis, the Abbasid empire was administered "<span>under the guidelines of the Quran and sharia," since there was an unflappable religious influence to the governance strategy. </span>
This one is tricky but I would say number E, if you think about it what they were doing was wrong and the punishments were very questionable same with how they made sure you were a witch.
