The answer is c. A restatement in your own words; I think of it as a summary. Comes from Greek, meaning to modify the way something is told.
It represents life because life is a journey and on that journey you will face some difficulties on the way until you die.
I think it's C. both simile and metaphor
no, as first person is being told by one character. it can not go back and forth between time like third person, unless the narrator, who's perspective we are seeing, takes us into a flash back or has powers which allows them to see the future.