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andrey2020 [161]
3 years ago
11

Qué hizo el gobierno británico para provocar la rebelión entre sus ciudadanos estadounidenses?​

History
1 answer:
Sveta_85 [38]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

La guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos fue un conflicto bélico que enfrentó a las Trece Colonias británicas originales en América del Norte contra el Reino de Gran Bretaña. Ocurrió entre 1775 y 1783, finalizando con la derrota británica en la batalla de Yorktown y la firma del Tratado de París.

Durante la guerra, Francia ayudó a los revolucionarios estadounidenses con tropas terrestres comandadas por Rochambeau y por el Marqués de La Fayette y por flotas bajo el comando de marinos como Guichen, de Grasse y d'Estaing. España, por su parte, lo hizo inicialmente y de forma clandestina gracias a Bernardo de Gálvez y de forma abierta a partir de la batalla de Saratoga, mediante las armas y los suministros proporcionados por los navíos del comerciante Diego María de Gardoqui y abriendo un frente en el flanco sur.

Las colonias británicas que se independizaron de Gran Bretaña edificaron el primer sistema político liberal y democrático, alumbrando una nueva nación, los Estados Unidos de América, incorporando las nuevas ideas revolucionarias que propugnaban la igualdad y la libertad. Esta sociedad colonial se formó a partir de oleadas de colonos inmigrados y no existían en ella los rasgos característicos del rígido sistema estamental europeo.

En las colonias del sur (Virginia, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur y Georgia) se había organizado un sistema esclavista (con unos 500 000 esclavos negros) que explotaban plantaciones de tabaco, algodón y azúcar. De este modo, la población estaba compuesta por grandes y pequeños propietarios y esclavos.

Los antecedentes a la guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos se remontan a la confrontación franco-británica en Norteamérica y a las consecuencias de la guerra de los Siete Años.

La guerra de los Siete Años terminó en 1763. El 10 de febrero, el Tratado de París ponía fin al imperio colonial francés en América del Norte y consolidaba a Inglaterra como la potencia hegemónica. En oposición solo tenía a España, que controlaba Nueva Orleans, la ciudad más importante, con unos 10 000 habitantes. Respecto a Francia, la pérdida territorial no fue sentida como algo catastrófico. Se conservaban los derechos pesqueros en Terranova y la población católica francófona recibiría un trato de respeto. Por otro lado, en el Caribe las pérdidas podían ser compensadas, pues la colonia principal francesa del Caribe, Saint-Domingue (La Española) con capital en Puerto Príncipe, producía la mitad del azúcar consumido en todo el mundo, y su comercio con África y las Antillas estaba en pleno apogeo.

Respecto a los colonos estadounidenses, la guerra modificó radicalmente el panorama anterior. Los francófonos católicos de Quebec, tradicionales enemigos de los colonos estadounidenses de las Trece colonias, recibieron un trato respetuoso por parte de las autoridades británicas. Trato que se confirmó en 1774 cuando se dotó a Canadá de un estatuto particular dentro de las colonias estadounidenses, llevándose sus fronteras hasta la confluencia del Ohio y el Misisipi. Asimismo su población conserva un derecho civil propio y la Iglesia católica es reconocida. Todos estos movimientos fueron mal aceptados por la población de las Trece colonias.

La causa inmediata de este conflicto fue el injusto trato que Gran Bretaña infligía a los colonos, pues estos aportaban riquezas e impuestos a la metrópoli pero no tenían los medios para decidir sobre dichos impuestos, por lo que se sentían marginados y no representados.

Explanation:

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