In "the giver", by Lois Lowry, the memory that made Jonas to realize why the chief Elder told him he needed courage, is Falling off a sled and breaking his leg and scraping his face on ice. when Jonas begged the Elder for medicine, He refuses reminding Jonah of the rule.
Jonah was in anguish, his leg arches and he felt lonely. He felt no one else can experience the kind of pain he was going through, at that point he realized what the chief Elder told him that he needed courage. The giver tells him that the pain he is going through gives wisdom, the giver told him that people don't want memories of pain but that the receiver can carry the memories for them.
Jonas realized why the Chief Elder told him he needed courage because in chapter 14, Jonas receives a memory from the giver. In that memroy, Jonas breaks his leg, and sustains leisions on his face from the ice, the pain of same makes beg for pain killer which is refused him outrightly.
Because the father helped Maria to pay for her mothers medical expenses. Even though Maria's mother passed away, he still supported her during her mourning. He also paid for Maria's mother's funeral expenses and offering Maria work.
