Answer:
Civilization is characterized by five traits: specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, advanced technology, and advanced cities.
Answer:
B. were we winning or losing the cold war
Explanation:
The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between the United States and the Soviet Union. Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent.
Nation States, currently192 of them recognized by the United Nations, maintain the rights to defend themselves with military force. With lots of nations integrated close together in commerce, there's less motivation to go to war with their neighbors, making life safer. It's just expensive to upkeep a military, and offers no commercial benefit if you're feeling safe with your neighbor. Some nations back each other up with statements of mutual defense. Demilitarization occurs.
<em>Marbury v. Madison</em> was significant because it asserted the Supreme Court's right of judicial review -- the ability to declare a law or executive action unconstitutional.
More detail:
- Judicial review refers to the courts' ability to review any law to see if it violates any existing law or any statute of a state constitution or the US Constitution. On the federal level, Marbury v. Madison (1803) is considered the landmark case for the Supreme Court asserting its authority of judicial review, to strike down a law as unconstitutional.
- It was sort of a roundabout way in which the principle of judicial review was asserted by the Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison. William Marbury had been appointed Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia by outgoing president John Adams -- one of a number of such last-minute appointments made by Adams. When Thomas Jefferson came into office as president, he directed his Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver many of the commission papers for appointees such as Marbury. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court directly to hear his case, as a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 had made possible. The Court said that particular provision of the Judiciary Act was in conflict with Article III of the Constitution, and so they could not issue a specific ruling in Marbury's case (which they believe he should have won). Nevertheless, in making their statement about the case, the Court established the principle of judicial review.