Step one: Travel approximately 18 inches up the underside of the branch you are removing. Cut up about halfway through the branch.
Step two: Move to the top side of the branch. Choose a location an inch further out from your first cut. Carefully cut down until the branch breaks free.
Step three: Find the branch collar on your trunk. This is stem tissue around the base of the branch. . Make a complete cut with a 45-degree angle kicking out from the base of the tree.
(SOURCE Chris Lambton) Add your vocabulary words in along the way if you decide to use my answer.
Vestigial structures are often homologous to structures that are functioning normally in other species. Therefore, vestigial structures can be considered the evidence for evolution, the process by which beneficial heritable traits arise in populations over an extended period of time.
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The balance of nature is a theory that proposes that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium or homeostasis, which is to say that a small change will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its original "point of balance" with the rest of the system
Explanation: