The correct answer is option B. "fact-based claim".
Explanation:
Fact-based claims are statements which describes how things were in the past, how they are in the present or how they will be. In this example, the increase in water pollution levels is explained to the growing amount of industrial waste being dumped into waterways. In this case the description of how things are in the present is given, which makes it a fact-based claim. It is important to notice that a fact-based claim is arguable since the speaker does not have direct support to state that the claim is truth.
