1818, as a term in church administration, "the holding by one person of two or more offices at the same time," from plural + -ism. Attested from 1882 as a term in philosophy for a theory which recognizes more than one ultimate principle.
I know one is Italy but i'm not sure about the other one :(
C. He thinks of alternate actions like buying a gift certificate she could use whenever she wanted
The right answer is C. Extroversion