Both a protectorate and a colony are territories of larger countries. Â A protectorate is its own state merely protected by a larger country. Â A colony is a part of a larger country governed by that same country. A state which is a protectorate has the aid of a larger nation when conducting foreign relations.
Of these options, the only one that was truly true of both the first and second industrial revolution is the "use of the assembly line" although the length of these lines varied.