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OLga [1]
3 years ago
11

Which is an example of a plant with true roots? A) algae B) ferns C) liverworts D) moss

Biology
1 answer:
fredd [130]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: B) ferns

Algae, liverworts and moss are examples of plants with no real stems, leaves or roots and are also known as nonvascular plants. Plants with true roots are known as vascular plants. Vascular plants have real roots, stems and leaves and contain vascular tissues. 

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G protein‑coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are two basic receptor types by which cells transduce s
weqwewe [10]
<h2>GPCRs and RTKs</h2>

Explanation:

1) Phosphorylation of receptor can terminate signal or desensitize receptor: GPCRs because when signal persists a protein kinase receptor is activated,this further catalyse the phosphorylation of several serine residue at cytosolic phase of 7 transmembrane

Phosphorylated transmembrane recognized by arrestin protein blocks interaction between trimeric G protein and receptor thus blocks signal transduction

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3) Structure contains seven transmembrane helices: GPCRs because it consists of single polypeptide and spans the membrane 7 times hence called 7 transmembrane;it recognizes external signal and activates trimeric G protein

4) Ligand binding induces conformational change in receptor: RTKs because normally RTK exist in monomeric form in absence of any ligand molecule but when any ligand molecule binds receptor starts to dimerize

5) Receptor activation causes phosphorylation of its cytosolic subunits: RTKs because when receptor gets activates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity by which they phosphorylate its cytosolic subunits

6) An example is the insulin receptor: Insulin receptor is present on plasma membrane and belongs to RTK family and always exist in dimeric form

7) Transports some ligands through the membrane: Neither GPCR nor RTK;ligand gets transported through the membrane through ligand gated channel

8) An example is the epinephrine receptor: Epinephrine is an endocrine  hormone produced by adrenal glands in stress condition and prepare body for fight and flight;Epinephrine uses GPCR signalling pathway by four different types of membrane receptors in different tissues

9) Activate heterotrimeric G proteins directly: Transmembrane protein of GPCR recognizes the external signal and activates G protein,activated G protein binds with effector enzyme and activate it which further produce or destroy secondary messenger that carry message from cell surface to cell interior

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3 years ago
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Answer:

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<h2>Why does glucose form a polymer despite being a stable molecule?</h2>

The formation of glucose polymers (glycogen, starch, cellulose) requires the input of energy from uridine triphosphate (UTP). Any tiny molecules must be converted into bigger molecules, which is compatible with the second rule of thermodynamics. Building proteins from amino acids, nucleic acids from nucleotides, fatty acids and cholesterol from acetyl groups, and so on are examples. Energy is released when bigger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, which is compatible with the second rule of thermodynamics. Thus, glucose may be converted to CO2 and H2O, resulting in the production of ATP. While glucose is a tiny molecule and hence relatively "stable," it can exist at a potential energy level and may be used to build up (needs energy) or broken down (<em>produces</em> energy). All of these biochemical processes require the use of enzymes; otherwise, the activation energy of most reactions would require extremely long periods of time for random energy inputs to push the reactions in either direction, despite the fact that energy considerations favor spontaneous breakdown over synthesis.

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