I think it's b. because it clarifies what type of caves you are talking about.
Answer:
It is encouraging rather than discouraging.
Explanation:
Venn Diagram is the main one that you learn at an early age. This is the basic awnser.
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
It means that the reason why someone got bad grades on a test was not because they had poor literacy knowledge and skills, but because they were new to the English language.