The topography and temperature of the sea surface are one of the factors that are shaping the temperature, so they contribute in big measure in the shaping of the climate at any place on the planet.
The topography is very important because of the alleviation of the terrain, is it possible for certain air masses to move freely or will they be stopped which can be the difference between having small and big amounts of precipitation.
The sea surface temperature influences a lot on the climate because it can bring warm and wet winds and clouds with it and make the place have much more mild temperature variances, or it can be cold and dry and make the place arid or semi-arid with higher temperature variances.
It is a true fact that local topography and sea surface temperature contribute to differences in climate between various localities. The correct option among the two options that are given in the question is the first option. These factors contribute hugely towards variations in the climate of places. I hope the answer helps you.
the production of commodity crops in large-scale agribusiness organizations termed plantations which have a strict bureaucratic internal structure is called plantation agriculture
