The tone is Ironic and Cynical.
I'm not entirely sure about the options, but try one with an example or a question.
Answer:
By 'transitory freedoms', Mandela refers to the freedoms that are temporarily required. As a student, he wanted freedom only for himself. The freedoms of being able to stay out at night, read what he pleased and go where he chose to.
Answer:
The author of A fateful Journey uses historical fact from Moving to America in order to influence his story and its effect as a whole.
Explanation:
I believe D) to make a connection between his identity and the history and culture of the Kiowa people
