The asteroid's path is a trajectory path which could be called an orbit.
Explanation:
When an object moves along a curved path or circular path, a centripetal force is required to sustain it in the path. The forms atrajectory path in which the object continues to move when no external forces are applied.
The Sun applies a gravitational force (centripetal force) on the asteroid after it got bumped from the spot on Jupiter. This force applied constrained it to move in the long oval shape every 15 years continuously. The long oval shape is in a form of trajectory path which could be called an orbit. Therefore, we can say that the asteroid orbits around the Sun and completes the path every 15 years.
Sunlight falls almost vertically on the equator, while it falls at slanting angle on the poles. Due to this, amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles.
