Restrict the ability of African Americans to obtain voting rights.
The black community experienced much poverty because of prejudice against them in the economic system of the country, so poll taxes could keep them from going to the polls to vote.
Blacks also typically had less access to education than whites even after slavery was ended; thus their literacy rates were lower. So literacy tests were also used to restrict blacks from voting.
Southern states also utilized "grandfather clauses," which were exemptions to things like poll taxes and literacy tests, granted to those whose forefathers ("grandfathers") had full voting rights prior to the Civil War. So if there were poor or illiterate whites, they could vote freely while blacks (whose ancestors had been slaves) were subjected to the laws restricting their voting ability.
These sorts of restrictions against black voters prompted much of the activism of the civil rights movement that began in the middle of the 20th century.
In essence, foreign ships delivering commercial goods to and from UK ports, including the colonies, were forbidden under the Acts of Trade and Navigation. They guaranteed jobs for crew members from the UK and its colonies, granted the merchant fleet a monopoly that allowed it to expand, encouraged shipbuilding and development throughout the Empire, and laid the groundwork for the rapid growth of the Royal Navy. The legislation also boosted manufacturing and industry, resulting in the creation of more stable jobs both at home and in the colonies. Overall, the Acts were created to safeguard Empire commerce and employees and to stop the importation of low-cost commodities produced by uncontrolled foreign companies and conveyed by unregulated ships. The only losers were our competitors, many of whom continued to use slave labor in order to lower manufacturing costs and boost profitability while also excluding them from many of the completed items and raw materials that they were required to purchase and have transported by Empire ships. Because their commercial vessels could fly the Red Ensign, giving them access to commercial possibilities and the protection of the Royal Navy, the New England colonies were pleased to comply with the Navigation Acts, so long as they were not too rigidly enforced. The gentlemen of commerce and professions in the colonies started considering revolt when Grenville decided to severely enforce the Navigation Acts in 1763 in order to create income.
A form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
<span>The answer to that would be Periodization.</span>
