. . . the sun, in its "orbit".
Georgius Agricola (Georg Bauer), also known as the 'father of mineralogy', is considered the founder of geology as a scientific discipline. That is, he provided the foundations for the study of the Earth (and its rocks, minerals, and fossils), in a systematic, recorded, way.
A. The heat from buildings melts the ice in the permafrost below and the water is then displaced.
Explanation:
- Permafrost are frozen soils in temperate and polar regions.
- For a long period of time, if the soil remains frozen due to the presence of water that remains above freezing point, permafrosts forms.
- Permafrost are usually a bane to construction works.
- When the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline was being built, accommodation was made for the permafrost in the terrain.
- Buildings sitting on permafrost can cause the soil to heat thereby releasing the frozen soil as melt water with soil.
- This can cause displace of buildings in very serious cases.
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The Earth’s interior is composed of several layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. Scientists used waves and their speed to study the Earth's interior. The speed of seismic waves is affected by the properties of the material the waves pass through. The stiffness of material affects the speed of these waves. P-waves, or pressure waves, go through both liquids and solids, while S-waves, or shear waves go through solids but not liquids. The following helped scientists understand that Earth's interior is liquid: S waves cannot travel through liquids. Correct answer: D