Question

How would political maps of the Middle East in 1945 and 1950 be different?

Answer 1

Answer:  The modern nation of Israel would not exist on the older map.

Explanation/details:

The Zionist movement of the late 19th and early 20th century led to settlement in Israel by many persons of Jewish ethnicity.  The main Zionist movement was largely secular in nature, though there were religious Zionists too.    Theodore Herzl is typically credited with getting the secular Zionist movement started and leading in the founding of the World Zionist Organization.    Convinced that the Jews would never truly be welcomed or assimilated within the countries of Europe, Herzl argued for establishment of their own homeland somewhere. Eventually that "somewhere" became a movement focused on going back to the ancestral land of Israel.

In the wake of the Holocaust against Jews during World War II, there was sympathy in other nations for recognizing the establishment of the Jewish state of Israel.  In 1947, the United Nations (UN) adopted a plan for the partition of Palestine that would create a portion of that territory as the state of Israel.  Arabs in the region and surrounding Arab nations were not in favor of this.  On May 14, 1948, the Jewish leaders in the land proclaimed their independence as a nation, and a war with Arab peoples and nations in the region followed.  Israel won that war and established itself as a nation.  The new state of Israel was granted membership in the UN in 1949.