The effect of a fault is to relieve strain, which can be caused by compression, extension, or lateral stress in the rock layers at the surface or deep in the Earth’s subsurface. Transform faults specifically relieve strain by transporting the strain between ridges or subduction zones. Transform faults also act as the plane of weakness allowing for the splitting in rift zones.
When tectonic plates pull apart from one another, tensional stress is placed on rock layers and a strike-fault occurs. You can tell normal and reverse faults apart because at a normal fault the hanging wall has relative to the footwall. A fold is a in rock, and a fault is a in rock.
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Mapping
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