The answer to the question is d
The poll tax was used in the South during and after Reconstruction as a means of circumventing the 14th Amendment and denying civil rights to blacks.
"Was _______ a hero or hypocrite?" could be asked about almost any figure in history. Human beings are complicated creatures who live amid conflicting situations. Rarely do you find anyone who is totally consistent in every point of view they hold and every action that they take.
In the case of Thomas Jefferson, the "hero or hypocrite" question tends to focus on his ideals, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence (which he authored), that all people "<span>are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" -- as contrasted with the fact that Jefferson owned hundreds of slaves and fathered several children by Sally Hemings, one of his slaves.
Jefferson indeed was heroic as one of America's founding fathers to set this nation on a course of liberty and justice for all. But slavery was deeply embedded in the colonies and not something easily or quickly undone. Jefferson's slaves were those which he had inherited from his father or acquired by marriage to his wife, Martha (whose family also owned slaves). Jefferson had criticized the British for sponsoring the slave trade. He also led the effort to have the state of Virginia ban the importing of slaves in 1778. Jefferson did have plans for the emancipating of slaves, seen in a bill he proposed as governor of Virginia in 1779, but recommended emancipation as a gradual process due to the complexities of the situation.
So, "hero or hypocrite"? The answer to that is not quick or easy. Jefferson had ideas and plans to address the slavery situation, but recognized the need to proceed gradually in order to make such a transition without great turmoil affecting the new country.</span>
I think Africa or America. Thinking about slavery and trade.
A good example of the impact of cultural diffusion between Muslim and European religions is the improvements in physician training and the creation of hospitals. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D,, most of the ancient Greek texts containing their development in medical knowledge and know-how were lost as a consequence of the constant conflict between the Germanic tribal warriors and the last remaining Roman troops and civilians. For centuries, the medical practice was as dangerous to the patients as were the wounds and diseases. Meanwhile, Arab scholars had not only been salvaging and translating the medical books of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but they were adding to this pre-existent knowledge and vastly improving the medical practice. Around the tenth century, a constant contraband of Arab texts, including on advanced medical knowledge and know-how, gradually helped Western doctors improve their treatments and procedures which resulted in more and more patients surviving wounds and diseases.
In the late Middle Ages, descriptions of the printing press used in China made it into Europe because of the Arabs. This Chinese printing press was rather expensive and complicated because every page of a book had to be individually carved on a wooden plate. However, a German printer, Johannes Gutenberg, came up with the idea of the "movable types": instead of carving one wooden plate per page, he would use a special plate with metal railings in such a way that he took letter by letter, mounting them between the railings, and thus complete a page that he would be able to print as many times as needed. Once the page was no longer needed, he would dismount the letter types and rearrange them to make the next page. Gutenberg's printing press of movable types turned book-making cheaper and knowledge easier to come by.
