I assume Metics.
The others do not fit the description.
Under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress has the power "to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or any Department or Officer thereof".
The emperor that attempted to reform Rome through its division in half and creating what was known as the Eastern and Western Roman Empire was Diocletian, he noted that it was impossible for an emperor to effectively rule over such a large empire.
Hitler introduced many policies and measures to ensure the Nazis remained in control, once he declared himself Führer. These measures dealt with political opponents, as well as ordinary people, who suddenly found their private, social and working lives controlled by the Nazis.
