They didn't have the knowledge which the English had which made them easier to take over since they didn't have to knowledge to take back what the English people had with made Johnson undertake his work
A loaded word is a word that not only informs but also caries some emotion with it, such as condemning, exciting, praising.
In the statement above the loaded word is "crushing" - it makes a qualitative statement about the defeat: it was a very definite defeat.
The answer is the last one, D. All of the other transitions indicate that the writer will either go into further detail on the subject or list other reasons as to why this would be correct. However, D clearly uses a contrasting transition to introduce a new argument.
