The decades surrounding 1900 were not only the <em>age of industrialization</em> in the United States, but were also the <em>age of</em> urbanization and <em>immigration</em>. Immigrants were the backbone of the American industrial workforce. In the early decades of the 20th century, as the supply lowered cost of manufactured goods created a consumer revolution for rural and urban households. Many of these goods were manufactured, marketed and transported through a rapidly expanding national network of rail lines and highways. This changes were the direct result of the American industrial revolution that was founded on rising investment, employment, and productivity in the manufacturing sector.
<em>Immigration</em> and <em>industrialization</em> were correlated, immigrants had a generally positive impact on the American economy. Many immigrants came to America seeking greater economic opportunities, higher wages, labor demand and better working conditions; while some, such as Pilgrims arrived in search of religious freedom.
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The main task of the congress was not only to restore the order violated by N. Bonaparte in Europe, the borders and status of the possessions seized by him, but also to develop such new international rules that would make attempts to upset the balance impossible. This balance, which arose from the chaos of interstate confrontations, rivalries, political unions and counter-unions, claims, threats, challenges and compromises, which made it a rather unstable system, should now rely not only on the absence of the “physical” ability of any state to violate it, but also on the development by all participants of such general agreements that would give a sense of justice to the new international order.
During the congress, for the first time, world powers sat down at the negotiating table to resolve disputed issues, which became the prerequisite for creating modern diplomacy.
The Congress of Vienna created on the borders of France a kind of stronghold from the Sardinian kingdom and Rhine Prussia. This cordon also included Switzerland, which was declared an eternally neutral state, and the new Kingdom of the Netherlands, formed from Holland and Belgium under the supreme authority of the Orange House, to which Luxembourg was also given in Germany.
The Congress of Vienna marked the end of the period of wars and started an era of lasting peace. With very few exceptions, the new map of Western Europe remained unchanged until 1859.
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Julian Calendar was created by Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes
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