Answer:
A "transform fault" is a fault line where two tectonic plates slide against each-other. Not all faults are transform faults. Some plates separate and allow magma to seep up and like a scab, creating new ground (these are called divergent faults.) Other faults, such as convergentfaults, occur when two plates smush into each-other and one is forced below the other where it heats up and is eventually destroyed. And the fracture zone is thus the junction between oceanic crustal regions of different ages.
Explanation:
The temperature decreases in the mesosphere since there is no ozone and the amount of air is decreasing.
I hope that this helps :)
Answer: It depends on the degradation process and layers of strata above the fossil.
Explanation:
The fossil deep beneath the 100 year old strata is expected to contain more amount of mineral content because of the deposition of dead and decaying matter. The chemical conformation of the organism will remain within the upper few layers of the strata, which can be used to analyze the chemical makeup of the organism but the chemical make up is less likely to be traced from organism whose fossil was 200 years old. As the organism is degraded and decomposed to an extent that few traces are likely to be expected which can be used to trace the chemical composition.
The model were the sun is in the center of the solar system is called heliocentric.
Have a nice day! :)