Answer:
4
Explanation:
Priests
On top of the social structure in Mesopotamia were priests. Mesopotamian culture did not recognize one god but worshipped different deities, and the priests were thought to have many supernatural powers. In addition to serving in religious ceremonies they tended to the sick, pacified angry gods and governed with laws that they thought kept the gods happy. An additional important task for the priests was to act as record keepers for the king. Priests had shaved heads and dressed in sheep's wool cloaks.
Upper-Class
Upper-class people in Mesopotamia consisted of nobility and the rich. Some government officials and wealthy landowners and merchants were included in this class. The upper-classes dressed in fine cloths and wore expensive jewelry, and men showed their social status by wearing a long hair and beard. Women wore off the shoulder dresses and either braided their hair or wore fancy ornaments on their heads. Upper-class people commonly owned slaves who did manual labor, including all household work.
Lower-Class
The lower class in Mesopotamia consisted of people who got paid for their work. This included professions such as fishermen, pottery makers and farmers. Even though Mesopotamian society was not equal, everybody had to pay for goods or services, even the king. Lower-class people owned their own homes and could afford some modest luxuries, like wearing jewelry. They could also move up in the social structure by becoming a priest or acquiring large wealth. Punishments were hard for any crimes committed, and if a lower class man fell into debt, he could pay off the debt by selling his wife and children into slavery.
Slaves
In Mesopotamia slavery was commonplace and was considered the lowest class in social structure. Slaves, most often war prisoners or criminals, did not get paid for their work, but received free lodging and food. With the expansion of agriculture, the need for slaves to do the manual labor grew, and slaves were exploited as an unpaid workforce. However, slaves did have some rights in ancient Mesopotamia: they could own land, had the freedom to marry anyone they wished and the opportunity to also buy their own freedom.
Answer:
D. They openly accepted their bondage and strove to create close relationships with their owners.
Explanation:
Two institutions in the life of slaves - the church and the family - became the objects of the most detailed critical analysis of historians. The vitality, worldview and hallmarks of the rite of religion of slaves pointed to the flexibility and vitality of the African cultural heritage and the extent to which blacks managed to resist the dehumanizing influence of the “special institution” of the South. Slaves rejected the interpretation of Christianity, which was professed by whites and which emphasized the need for humility and promised deliverance from suffering not on earth, but in the afterlife. On the contrary, they began to consider themselves as God's chosen people, like the children of Israel, and their slavish dependence and possible freedom in the future - as part of a predetermined divine plan.
Spirituals – songs of black American slaves - arose in the southern states and generalized African and Anglo-Celtic artistic traditions. They are mostly associated with biblical images, but biblical motifs are "reduced," combined with a narrative of everyday life.
Despite the targeted and coordinated prohibitions of slave owners, slaves managed to create their own communities and played an active role in the life of the region.
Гnder official law, marriages between slaves were recognized as invalid. But the black spouses themselves took them very seriously, creating strong monogamous families.
Answer:
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Explanation:
The power to change economic policies rested with the states and the Bank of the United States. In addition, Monroe believed that depressions were natural features of a maturing economy and that the U.S. economy would soon rebound from the panic (and indeed it did—the depression ended by 1823).
Just prior to James Madison's assumption of office, Congress passed the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which replaced Jefferson's failed embargo. It allowed the resumption of world trade with the exclusion of trade with England and France, thus barring French and British vessels from American ports.
