The answer is Syria and Nubia
Russia last czar of Russia was czar nicholas II. he was overthrown is 1917 in what is called the Russian revolution.
The sugar act helped make America pay for the French and Indian war which was flights on their territory.
The flexible response was created and implemented during former President John F. Kennedy's administration at the year 1961 as a measure to counteract the New Look policy of former President Dwight Eisenhower in his policy of conducting a massive military action in case of war.