1850s was the time period that Brazilian slaves came to america
Westward expansion and industrialization helped transform American culture by spreading Americans throughout the nation. It forced Americans to confront traditions understandings of freedom and equality because events like the gold rush of California or Texas becoming part of the USA pushed Americans to resettle from their lives in order to make more money and have a higher life for their families. Americans felt more free in their new lives and their new lives, similar to other people around them, were felt equal.
Populism was important because it had a non-class outlook.
People in cities, because what the County Unit System did was make people's votes from smaller counties and towns held more weight than someone who lives in the city.
I think the correct answer is C. The Chief Justice is always the justice who has served the most years on the Court