Creating a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in higher plants uses cyclic electron flow (CEF), which primarily serves two purposes: (1) producing ATP and balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget; and (2) defending photosystems I and II from photoinhibition.
ATP and NADPH are produced by noncyclic electron transport. The single product of cyclic electron transport was ATP. Both steps are required by a plant to produce the required amount of ATP for the Calvin Cycle. The electrons are released by photosystem I and then brought back into the system during cyclic photophosphorylation. However, in non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons that the photosystems emit do not come back.
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Answer:
O principal objetivo da prática 12 é reduzir as perdas e usar os recursos naturais de maneira adequada.
Explanation:
Consumo sustentável significa que o uso dos recursos naturais é muito eficiente para evitar a poluição do meio ambiente. recicle o material usado e use-o novamente para reduzir o custo e também a poluição que ocorre durante sua fabricação. Use materiais que não agridam o meio ambiente e reduzam o uso de combustíveis fósseis. Reduzir perdas de alimentos e também evitar perdas que ocorrem após a colheita da colheita, a fim de fornecer mais alimentos para a população existente. O resultado esperado com a prática número 12 para um consumo mais sustentável pela população global é que mais alimentos e recursos estejam disponíveis para a população existente. população.
Answer:
In chemical transmission the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters occurs. Neurotransmitters carry information from the presynaptic or transmitter neuron to the postsynaptic or recipient cell.
As you may recall from the article on the structure and function of the neuron, synapses are usually formed between the nerve terminals - axon terminals - of the sending neuron and the cell body or dendrites of the receiving neuron.
Scheme of synaptic transmission. An action potential travels through the axon of the presynaptic or emitting cell, and reaches multiple axon terminals branching from the axon. The axon terminal is adjacent to the dendrite of the postsynaptic or recipient cell. This place of close connection between axon and dendrite is the synapse.
A single axon can have multiple ramifications, which allows it to synapse with several postsynaptic cells. Similarly, a single neuron can receive miles of synaptic inputs from many different presynaptic or emitting neurons.
Within the axon terminal of a transmitter cell there are many synaptic vesicles. These are membranous spheres full of neurotransmitter molecules. There is a small space between the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic cell membrane, this space is called synaptic space.
Every one except the 4th one just did it on edgeunity
