Answer:
Jet stream
Explanation:
Jet stream is fast moving air or wind that blows horizontally through the upper layers of the troposphere, generally from west to east. It develops where air masses of different temperatures meet. The greater the difference in temperature, the faster the wind speed.
Jet stream has the following characteristics;
- The winds blow from west to east
- The flow often shifts to the north and south.
- They follow the boundaries between hot and cold air.
Answer:
B. atmosphere: because the ash blocked more radiation than normal, not allowing it to reach the surface
Explanation:
The volcanoes are one of the major factors that shape the climate on Earth. Their influence can be more moderate and gradual, or it can very big and abrupt. The large volcanic eruptions manage to cause changes in the global climate very quickly. The reason for this is that they have big influence on the atmosphere. By releasing lot of ashes and small particles into the atmosphere, a layer of them is formed around the Earth. This layer had greater albedo, thus it is reflecting the sunlight instead of letting it go through. This causes rapid drop in the global temperatures, and as was the case in 1815, it resulted in a year without summer. If the volcanic eruption is very big and comes from a super-volcano, than it can have much longer impact, lasting for decades or even centuries.
Answer: The water temperature is too low
Explanation:
A rift zone sometimes occurs in some volcanoes, more so in the shield volcanoes. It is made up of a linear series of fissures in the volcanic edifice. Lava can erupt from this, let us call it volcanic flank, instead of it's summit. Rift zones tend to extend for dozens of kilometers. Volcanoes have an elongated shape because of the repeated eruptions from these rift zones.
